NEONATALOGY

The development of the diaphragm is a complex process that involves contributions from multiple embryological structures. It forms primarily from the mesoderm and is completed by the eighth week of gestation. Types of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH): Congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs when there is an abnormality in the diaphragm’s development, allowing abdominal contents to herniate […]

Introduction Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN) is a life-threatening condition characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the neonatal period, preventing normal pulmonary circulation after birth. This results in impaired oxygenation due to inadequate blood flow through the lungs, which leads to hypoxemia and cyanosis. In PPHN, the newborn’s circulatory system fails

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) is a serious condition that can occur when a newborn inhales meconium into the lungs during the perinatal period. 1. Pathogenesis of MAS MAS occurs when meconium, which is normally passed after birth, is released into the amniotic fluid before or during labor. This may happen when there is fetal distress,

DefinitionTransient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN) is a self-limited respiratory condition characterized by delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid, leading to mild respiratory distress in newborns. Pathophysiology Risk Factors Clinical Features Diagnosis Investigations to rule out other causes of respiratory distress: Differential Diagnosis Management Prognosis

1. Definition Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD): 2. Strategies to Prevent Lung Injury and BPD in Preterm Babies Prevention strategies focus on minimizing lung injury while supporting adequate oxygenation: Antenatal Strategies Postnatal Strategies I. Respiratory Management: II. Nutritional Support: III. Pharmacologic Interventions: 3. Management of BPD The management of BPD involves a multidisciplinary approach to optimize growth

Principles of Surfactant Therapy in Preterm Neonates Manifestations of Oxygen Therapy in Newborns Acute Effects Chronic Effects (Associated with prolonged oxygen therapy) Monitoring Oxygen Therapy:

Surfactant Therapy in Neonates Introduction Surfactant therapy is a cornerstone in managing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), in preterm neonates. Surfactants reduce alveolar surface tension, preventing atelectasis and improving oxygenation and ventilation. Pathophysiology of RDS Types of Surfactants Used in Neonates Indications for Surfactant Therapy Surfactant Administration Techniques Evidence-Based

Here’s an overview of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm neonates : 1. Risk Factors for IVH in Preterm Neonates a. Maternal Factors b. Neonatal Factors c. Iatrogenic Factors 2. Pathophysiology of Intraventricular Hemorrhage 3. Principles of Management a. Prevention b. Neonatal Care c. Monitoring and Support d. Management of Established IVH 4. Pathogenesis of Intracranial