Therapeutic hypothermia is a well-established intervention for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), aimed at reducing the extent of brain injury following perinatal asphyxia: Indications for Therapeutic Hypothermia Mechanism of Action Therapeutic hypothermia works by reducing cerebral metabolic demand, slowing neuronal death pathways, and attenuating secondary energy failure. This helps to minimize neuronal injury caused by […]

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. It results from impaired blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain during the perinatal period. Etiology HIE occurs due to perinatal asphyxia, which may result from various antenatal, intrapartum, or postnatal causes: Pathophysiology HIE results from a combination of hypoxia (low oxygen

Peripheral nerve injuries in neonates are commonly associated with traumatic delivery or prolonged labor, particularly in macrosomic infants or those requiring instrumental assistance. The most common injuries include brachial plexus injury, phrenic nerve injury, and facial nerve injury. 1. Brachial Plexus Injury Clinical Characteristics: Risk Factors: Management: 2. Facial Nerve Palsy Clinical Characteristics: Risk Factors:

Definition Classification of Cyanosis Causes of Cyanosis in Newborns Evaluation of Neonatal Cyanosis Management Principles Prognosis

Overview of Fetal Circulation Fetal circulation is uniquely designed to allow oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass non-functional fetal lungs and provide oxygen and nutrients to the developing organs. Key structures and pathways include: Blood Flow Pattern in Fetal Circulation Changes in Circulation at Birth At birth, major physiological changes occur due to the